The building automation control system is the building management and control coefficient to carry out the centralized monitoring, management and decentralized control to the operation, safety condition and energy utility condition as well as the energy-saving management of various decentralized devices such as the power transformation and distribution, lighting, elevator, air-conditioner, heat-supply, water supply and drainage, fire-control and security guard, it is called BAS (Building Automation System).
The actual effects could be brought forth by the BAS system are mainly reflected in: indoor constant temperature control; convenience for the maintenance and repair of all equipments inside the building; convenience for the building management personnel to operate the equipments and monitor the operation situations of the equipments and improve the overall management level; good management that could prolong the service life of the building equipments as well as the replacement cycle and save the equipment costs of the building; device faults and various alarm signals sent in time to minimize the loss and facilitate the operators to handle the faults; saving the operation costs and energies.
Heat supply, air-conditioner and ventilation systems could provide a comfortable indoor environment. The control objects are cooling tower, water chiller unit, air-conditioner unit and atmosphere-controlling apparatus etc.
Water supply and drainage system. Supply for drinking water and sewage discharge.
Power transformation and distribution system. High and low-voltage distribution room as well as all power transformation and distribution devices inside the monitoring buildings could provide control program, time program and corresponding linkage program for the important electrical equipments.
Elevator control system. Carry out the centralized control and management as well as linkage to the several elevators inside the buildings.
The type-selection and configuration of the monitoring system device of the building electromechanical device will directly influence the operation of building electromechanical device, energy utility efficiency and building automation level; therefore the type-selection and configuration of system device have huge significance. Take the product quality, progressiveness of network technology performance, operation software function, and price as well as the performance and after-sales service into comprehensive consideration, at present, there are the following famous professional companies and products for BA systems with the history of several decades in the international community:
Excel5000 system of the US HONEYWELL Company
METASYS system of the US JOHNSON CONTROLS Auto-control Co., Ltd.
BAS2800 system of the UK SATCHWELL Control System Co., Ltd.
Here is the simple introduction to the Excel5000 system of the US HONEYWELL Company:
The Excel5000 system (Latest System Type: EBI) adopts the most advanced technologies to realize the complete auto-control of the device, and this system has been widely used all over the world, and provided the same interface with more than 12 languages for the users. What’s more, with the one-hundred-year control experience of HONEYWELL Company as its powerful support, the unique control method of HONEYWELL is incomparable by other manufacturers, the controllers, sensors, executors and network devices it produces can be specially manufactured into the specific devices satisfying the requirements in all districts.
Excel5000 system integration supports the standards containing the overwhelming majority of the current building auto-control and information industries; the system has the characteristics of flexibility, interoperability as well as the connectability with the internal information network of others building systems and even enterprises.
The most basic system structure is composed of one or several local control controllers, input and output extension modules and advanced operation stations; HONEYWELL system could continuously satisfy the requirements for extension of the controlled devices.
The system has the following distinctive characteristics:
Concise and easy to understand
It adopts the distributed system; the communication bus within the local control area is the non-attributable, point-to-point communication in the same layer;
The structure is visualized and simple, the system communication speed is 9600～1M bauds, it is quick and convenient for use;
The visualized graphic operator interfaces including the historic and dynamic trend reports are easy to learn and understand;
The programming is simple and convenient to use; use the method of graphic configuration to program.
Modular Design
The system design contains from the operation stations to the controllers, and they are completely determined by the quantity and function of the controlling points. While in terms of quantity, it could change along with the controlling points in the future but not influence the current operation. Each controller is multifunctional, and it can be randomly calibrated so as to control the different devices.
Distributed Design
The entire system is based on different controller networking, and the positions of the controllers are completely subjected to the positions of the devices without any other restrictions.
International Standards-meeting Design
The design policy is on the basis of international standards and meets the ISO9000 standards from the aspect of quality management. In terms of technology, it also starts from the international standards for the adoption of no matter the software or hardware. The operation system adopts the window (Microsoft Windows NT) system operation of the US Microsoft Company while the hardware adopts the computer of IMB Company. In terms of the management system, it works in line with designs of BACNET, TCP/IP (Building Management System Standards) as well as LONWORK (LonTalk).
Open Design
Open design is the biggest characteristic of the Excel5000 system, and its open device can be divided into three categories:
It has the systemic integration functions on its design. Its integrated device and the third-party interface design have enabled the Excel5000 system to be connected with the devices of the other manufacturers and make them a part of the entire building management system.
In terms of software: the Excel5000 system also hugely opened the conditions for combination, for instance the software with DDE functions could exchange materials with this system. its open platform design cooperates with the standards of WINDOWS、UNIX、LONWORK、BACNET, so as to provide a basis for the software compiling.
In terms of the network design, it completely supports the structural integrated conductor arrangement system of Lucent which has greatly saved the conductor arrangement and been easy for the management.
It is easier to be integrated with other subsystems.
High Reliability
Excel5000 system adopts the structure of distributed control and centralized management; the action of the entire system won’t be influenced even the controller or circuit of certain part of this system network has been damaged, and the system will send out the alarm instruction to the fault area in time. All of the local controllers could work normally and the system could continuously operate even the central control station goes out of action. All sensors, executors, transmitters and computers in this system are branded products with excellent performances and high reliabilities.
Outstanding Energy-saving Effect
Excel5000 system adopts the structure of distributed control and centralized management; the action of the entire system won’t be influenced even the controller or circuit of certain part of this system network has been damaged, and the system will send out the alarm instruction to the fault area in time. All of the local controllers could work normally and the system could continuously operate even the central control station goes out of action. All sensors, executors, transmitters and computers in this system are branded products with excellent performances and high reliabilities.
Completely-localized software for convenient operations
According to the actual situations of China, the requirements for monitoring and management of such huge building auto-control system are extremely high. This system software has realized the multilayer localized display on the advanced Windows image, clearly displayed the device subareas and layers; therefore the operators could enter the floors, systems or devices need to be monitored by using the mouse and small amount of buttons; the localized figure design of the images enables the operators with secondary education to control the device; the parameters trend chart, light-pole chart as well as the prompt function design of the help system enable the operators to understand the system operation performance conveniently, analyze the system state ad find out the fault causes; the preset programs require no local operations of the operators to complete the system command, auto-control and report printing as planned.
Improvement of labor productivity and management level
The modern large building complex requires the large amount of building equipments. At the same time, the system equipment control of large building shall reach the high efficiency, accuracy and reliability. The Excel5000 system integrates the operation situations of all subsystems through the central control system so as to understand the system operation state, solve all emergencies in time and complete the hundreds of instructions for device use sent everyday by all systems of the building complex management department, and the above-mentioned requirements are unimaginable to be operated by manpower. The computer quick processing could greatly reduce the labor intensity as well as the device operation maintenance personnel; in addition, the comprehensive overall management of the system enables the device to operate in the optimum combination; operation under the optimum conditions could not only save energies but also reduce the device loss greatly and lower the device maintenance cost.
System Structure
Excel5000 (System Type: EBI) system has a central control station; the controllers of all kinds of functions are connected to the central working station through the central communication bus C-Bus so as to complete the monitoring and control for the air-conditioner device, refrigeration system as well as the water supply and drainage system and the elevator system.
There are devices such as various kinds of detectors, manipulators and electrical switches on the spot therefore this is a three-layer system.
Central Communication Bus C-Bus
C-Bus is the point-to-point communication with RS485, it connects the EBI controllers through a piece of C-Bus interface card, and the dielectric is the Honeywell twisted-pair AK3744 (18AWG, lead wire diameter of 1mm with jacket), it can be as long as 1200m. Each C-Bus can be connected to 29 Excel500 controllers, and the communication point limit is 1500 points, the communication speed is 9600～1M bauds. The unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) is used as the transmission dielectric for the convenience of conductor arrangement.
System Server (Working Station)
One central control station is set in the system, and the central control station displays the operation state, fault state of all monitoring devices and monitors the numerical values and regulate the setting values, record the occurrence of each event t each moment, what’s more it could coordinate and handle the emergencies. The central monitoring station adopts the DELLPIII computer, the operation system adopts the Microsoft WINDOWS/NT and is equipped with the 19’SVGA display. It is used for the daily control, monitoring and dispatching management work of the dispatchers as well as the archiving, statistics and report management of the collected data.
Excel500、Excel100 and Excel50 Direct Digital Controller (DDC)
The direct digital controller (DDC) directly monitors and controls the devices such as the building cold-source device subsystem, air-conditioner ventilation subsystem, lighting subsystem, elevator subsystem, water supply and drainage subsystem as well as the power supply and distribution subsystem, it receives the device operation state, fault alarm, manual/automatic state and sensor signals to carry out the automatic management to the device after the data processing. The direct digital controller (DDC) has solidified the controlling programs inside; therefore when there are faults in the working station, the controller could still work independently.
End Sensor and Executor
The end sensors, for instance the sensors of temperature, pressure, flow and water level etc detect the parameters and operation situations of the site and equipment and upload the data to the direct digital control for processing. The executor accepts the instructions of DDC and controls the actions of all water valves to make the building environment comfortable and suitable to all application requirements.
ExcelXI584 Portable Operator Terminal (POT)
This BAS system is equipped with an ExcelXI584 portable operator terminal (POT) for the local debugging, device maintenance and device parameters setting etc.
System Hardware Functions
I. Central Operation Station
The operation station is the high-performance PC machine of PentiumIII microprocessor, the operation system is WINDOWS95/98 or NT interface, in addition to the method of text menu, it could also communicate with the operators through the graphics mode, and what’s more, it can be displayed in Chinese.
The operation station is equipped with the Level-5 password protection function so as to prevent the system from being used by the non-related personnel.
The operation station allows the operation of other software supported by WINDOWS at the same time and could carry out the dynamic data exchange with them.
II. Direct Digital Controller (DDC)
The controller of this system contains the EXCEL500 and EXCEL100 direct digital controllers. All of the EXCEL5000 controllers are the DCPI intelligent substations regulated by the Chinese national standards, they all program by using the object-oriented graphics software developed by the Honeywell Company. The programming of each controller is storage inside the flash memory, it won’t influence the independent operation of the controller even if the communication bus breaks off.
EXCEL 500 controller EXCEL 500 is a kind of direct digital controller of all-modular 16-bit microprocessor (CPU) Inteli80c188 with the flexible composite properties; its largest capacity is 128 physical points, which means it could connected to 128 detectors, switches and manipulators. It is based on the basic CPU module and power-supply module added by the following functional modules randomly according to the actual situations to form a complete controller. It is equipped with the advanced flash memory.
The analog input module (AI): 8 points, 0~10VDC，4~20mA，PT1000
The analog output module (AO): 8 points, 0~10VDC
The digital input module (DI): 12 points, 1mA，24VDC or 24VAC，max
The digital output module (DO): 5 relay outputs, 1 normally open contact output, 4A，24V, each analog output and digital output module can be equipped with override control switches to realize the switch of remote automatic/manual control. There can be the state display provided by the light-emitting diode LED as well as the simulation of size variations of output reflected by the brightness variations.
EXCEL 100 Controller
EXCEL100 is a 36-point controller equipped with 16-bit computer chips provided for the local programming and debugging.
----Analog/Digital Input: 12 points, 0~10V，2~10V，4~20MA，NTC，PT1000（AI/DI）
----Analog /Digital Output: 12 points, connected to MCE3 Delay to output 240V，2A（A0，D0）
----Analog/Digital Input: 12 points (DI).
Controller Software Description
The EBI controller programs by using the CARE software and the characteristics are as follows:
The 18 English characters are used to nominate all points.
The 64 declarative statements constituted by 32 English characters are used to explain all points.
There are 20 points can be recorded immediately on each controller as the historic trend, the memory buffer could contain 200 numerical values.
Hour accumulation of the operation time can be processed within 1 min.
20 time programs.
Major Advantages of the Controller
The number of modules of the controller can be regulated according to the actual input/output point; therefore it is adaptable to the special requirements; 36 or less physical points can be controlled with the single controller, when there are more points, the module controller can be used for control.
DI point has the function of accumulative input which can be directly used for calculations such as electric degree or heat quality.
In the controller, each input point has a small indicator to display its operating state.
The input point can be equipped with manual switch emergency operations.
The start/stop of the switching volume could control when it shall be started and stopped through the time schedule.
The longest flextime program can be one year.
As for the real two-way communication, when the communication with the central station breaks off, the left controllers could still carry out the digital exchange.
The portable LCD could operate the Excel500 and Excel100 controllers on the spot including the numerical values and states of the display points as well as send instructions to these points. The other characteristic is that on one controller in this system, you can use this display screen to operate the other controller on the same bus.
EBI Description
I. Characteristics of System Software EBI:
Graphics Software: Dynamic color images, each image refreshes once automatically for 20s～2min, or the operators could choose to refresh one more time. Use the graphics software package Micrografx Designer for drawing.
Trend Record: it can be divided into the historic and dynamic types. The dynamic graphic trend displays at least 6 points at the same time, and the sampling rate is 5s～60min. The historic tend displays at most 8 points at the same time, and the sampling rate is 10s～24h. There are 300 sampling points at most if the table software of Microsoft is used to make the graphic trend record.
Time and Event Trigger Program (TEP): when it is being used, it is to trigger the alarms of the system as well as all points, start the interaction programs and arrange the equipment working time etc.
Energy-saving Software: for instance the clearance operation, optimum start and stop, peak charge limit etc.
Alarm Management: it is to classify the alarms and display and print the situations, numerical values as well as the instructions of 60 characters at the same time. The display screen will display the popped alarm management screen; the operators could choose to display the related alarm graphics and enter directly to click the command drawing.
II. System Operations:
The operators mainly works in form of window and they could not only see all of the important equipments of systems such as the air-conditioner, power as well as the water supply and drainage through the gradually refined color graphics on the display screen but also complete all of the pre-specified controls and management to these equipments. They are mainly color graphics can be displayed in Chinese; the real-time operations can be completed by means of image dialogues.
The system images and materials can be altered online and easy to be learned and understood.
Different report functions are equipped, for instance the alarm history, record for the operator activity, controller alarm history and the current alarm.
The system provides 7 kinds of operator concessions,